Who influenced whom? There is so much misinformation about camp groups that it’s difficult to know what's correct. On the Firecrafter website it’s stated that Dan Beard contributed to the Firecrafter program. I’ve studies Dan Beards programs and there is nothing I can see in the Boy Pioneers or other Beard writings that are in the least bit similar to Firecrafters. However E T Seton’s work is similar to Firecrafters. Seton had a Native American based program, although in the early years it was based on Setons idealized version of Native Americans that Seton dreamt up. But he was the first to use names like Medinsini, XXXX and XXXX. Some might claim that Seton contributed to some programs just because the founder of an organization read one of Setons books. It seems that founders of different programs borrowed or perhaps collaborated, with others. Details, ceremonies and programs get all mixed together in the various camp programs. There is only so much that you can do with scouts in the woods. The difference between Tribes, Honor Groups and Fraternal Societies gets all mixed up. What I may call a Tribe others might call an Honor Group and vice-versa. For this website I’ve generally used the criteria that Honor Groups and Fraternal Societies exist at more than one camp. There may be some overlap where you find one group here as well as on the Tribe section. Many camp societies were very active, but if the group only existed at one camp, I’ll cover them elsewhere. Click on the individual badge for more information   All of these groups originated in the early years. They are sometimes called pre-OA but that simply means they were active before OA. To me, it demeans these excellent programs that were often grudgingly discarded when the OA became the only approved society (1948). Firecrafters and Mic o say coexist with the OA today. Ku-ni-eh was not replaced in Cincinnati until 1951, the year Arthur Roberts, Kunieh founder retired. All of these groups were founded by scouting professionals and in their day all were approved. Many of the early groups seem to have some sort of connection to Ernest Seton’s Woodcraft Indians. Setons ideas about a Native American group were rejected by the new formed BSA but welcomed by many camp groups. Boys dressing up like Indians, living in teepees and doing Native American crafts, dances and games almost universally reflect on Seton. It is reported that Carrol Edson brought the Native American theme to the WWW after attending an Seton lecture. The OA had an organization meeting in 1921 to plan for future national growth, but it doesn’t appear that other groups had a plan for growth. In 1922 National BSA discouraged Honor or Fraternal groups from organizing for growth. Most groups grew by word of mouth or by scouting professionals transferring from one council to another. Professional men from Indianapolis took Firecrafters all over the mid-west. Gimogash was a Toledo program, perhaps with roots in Kansas, for retaining older scouts in the program, but after the founding Toledo chapter was disbanded, Gimogash took on a life of its own in different councils. White Swastika started in Columbus OH and was spread over Ohio, W. VA. and New York state and probably elsewhere. Nani-Ba_Zhu started in Omaha and moved to Kansas, Oklahoma and Texas. But it doesn’t appear that any group had an organized “national” body like the WWW-O/A.   Paul Myers Goshen, Indiana gimogash@comcast.net